To achieve the aim of this research many objectives exist, these objectives can be summarized as to investigate the factors causing variation order from the literature, extracting real causes of variation order through analyzing a case. The issue of variation orders is unavoidable due to the complex nature of construction projects. This may involve reducing, adding, or eradicating some parts in the original contractual process. The variation construction free order templates are used to request the desired changes or variation in orders. The study examines the impact of variation on construction projects in relation to the handler that is the inhouse staff and the consultants.
The impact of variation orders on public building projects. Significant causes and effects of variation orders in construction projects article pdf available in research journal of applied sciences, engineering and technology 72. It is an act of changing certain specifications from the final plan on the construction contract. A variation order vo is any change or modification to the design, quality or scope of work that is subject to an agreement with respect to the volume or nature of work carried out obrien, 1998. Variation order requests are requests which are sent or issued from contractors to clients, when the contractor believes that they are going to have to do additional work which was not covered in the original contract or where they think they are not going to. Construction change order request is a form for asking permission to have a procedure done for alteration in construction design. These changes are classified based mainly and primarily on the cause that forced them. Due to these characteristics it is practically impossible to predict everything in advance.
Variation order vo is a common phenomenon in construction projects. If works or services are part of the scope then they cannot be considered a variation. Themes and variation history of variation and its development french exchange variation the keys of understanding variation language variation and change leningrad variation dutch. Variations are known to impact various aspects of construction projects. Oct 15, 2011 construction plans exist in form of designs, drawings, quantities and specifications earmarked for a specific construction site. The almost inevitable situation in construction projects is variation. Pdf significant causes and effects of variation orders in. Studying the status of variations in construction contracts in jordan. The benefit of variation order is to realize a balance between cost, function and quality required of a project to the satisfaction of clients. A variation is an alteration to the scope of works laid out in a construction contract.
This type of document can also be used for pursuing contract addendums in the previously signed contract of the involved parties, such as the contractor, owner, and the supplier of the construction materials and equipment. It also examines how each factor that were identified as causes of cost. Jul 23, 2016 the nature of construction work makes the possibility of changes to the scope of the work or the conditions under which the work is carried out susceptible to change. Change orders in county government construction projects. The first step in identifying a variation to the scope is the identification of the scope itself. Construction management division, davutpasa campus. A sample letter of explanation accompanies each example change order. Variation is almost an inevitable part of any construction claim. Management of variations in construction contracts 383 in the law reports. Look into the following change order form in word and in pdf format to know the contents on change order forms applicable to construction projects. Variations in construction contracts designing buildings wiki. The scope of works and services is defined by the contract, commonly by reference to documents such as plans and specifications, or a project brief. It is, therefore, imperative for construction professionals to eliminate unnecessary additional cost from a project so as to optimize the clients benefit against input resources.
Causes of variation orders in construction projects in the. Authority council resolution 17830, fy 2014 work program for office of legislative oversight, adopted july. The budget and other fields need to be filled up respectively. Variation is common in construction projects due to the complex nature of the construction industry. This paper identifies and examines the most significant causes that contribute to the variation orders.
Change order process behind of fidic, aia and kik standard contract documents. Introduction the charge of a construction project is one of the greatest important factors in the construction manufacturing. This research work examines as well as analyses the causes of variation order on construction industry in abuja, nigeria. This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. The orders include the details about the changes which may be increasing or decreasing quantity or time of work, changing the quality or quantity of materials. A change order form is a request under the simple order form category of this website pertaining to a project owners change in the statements on the initial agreement with the contractor. Project engineer or the project inspector may prepare the change order, the project engineer is responsible for ensuring it is properly approved and distributed. They are convenient to those engaged in a specialised practice banks 1985, moys et al. See appendix b for guidance on preparing other letters and forms e. Oct 04, 2018 a construction change is introduced by the way of a change order, also known as a variation order. Rather, it contains statements of project conditions entailing the need of change in the provisions of the initial agreement between the contracting parties. Introduction construction contract is a business agreement that is subjected to variability.
Many construction projects undergo changes, especially after the beginning of building, and the cost impact on a construction project with a variation order can be costly. Variation order refers to any changes from the scope, plan, specification or contract document in the construction project. Pdf significant causes and effects of variation orders. The contractor updates this list as required throughout the projects duration. Change orders in county government construction projects olo report 20146, chapter i march 18, 2014 1 chapter i. Change order process behind of fidic, aia and kik standard.
Change order template is used if the project team is inefficient or unable to complete their project in required budget, time or resources or additional features or options are requested. The aia change order forms are used widely when the project varies from the original design, scope, and definition. Variations often cause disputes and dissatisfactions among the parties. A construction change order form is a document which is used to inform the parties of a construction project about the changes and updates to be proposed and mandated.
Value the findings of the study will increase the awareness of the impact of. Effects of variation orders the effects of variation on construction projects were observed by many researchers. Variation in order is sometimes a necessity and an unavoidable part of the construction process. A change order is a document used to record an amendment to your original construction contract. Like example, any amendment to the works regarding to the regulation and by law and approved by local authority is allows variation in the construction works. Impact of variation orders on time and cost in mega. Pdf purpose this paper establishes the nature and impact of variation orders on the overall project performance in order to take proactive. Variations and change orders on construction projects. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This variation order request form template makes variation order requests easier to create and manage than word, excel or pdf. Change order clauses in standard contract documents. The causes of variation order of construction industry in nigeria bhadmus. Construction projects can be characterised as complex and unique processes. A construction change order template is a change or modification in the original contract that has been previously established and previously written, it allows the contractor to accommodate the changes.
A variation sometimes referred to as a variation instruction, variation order vo or change order, is an alteration to the scope of works in a. Many times, in construction project contractor have to made changes like addition, deletion or. Also, nigerian construction industry is used as a case study. May 02, 2010 variations and change orders on construction projects. Variation in order is a significant part of large civil engineering projects. The term variability in construction is referred as variation orders so the more variation orders happens to the project, the greater the cost will be and the project will. Factors causing variation orders in construction projects in. Main contractor of the project must submit the following documents by post to construction permit section, work pass. This change order only applies if there is a stipulation on the contract for the project owner to have the right to execute changes in the agreement.
Variations in construction contracts designing buildings wiki share your construction industry knowledge. The construction industrys complex processes are prone to inevitable changes. The construction change order format is used mostly if the projects work was incorrectly estimated or the team discover obstacles that deviate them from the original plan. Instructions for requests for contract variation format for presenting revised cost estimates requests for contract variation should be used by consultants for the variation of contracts that have already been negotiated with adb. It involves an amendment of the original scope of work as in the contract. Guidelines and form on variation order request for. Change orders and variations in construction contracts. Changes to the plans are effected by means of a variation order initiated by a consultant on behalf of the client or as raised by the contractor. Change of plan or scope of the project is one of the most significant causes of variation in construction projects cii 1990b, and is usually the. Change orders in construction create a record of additional services being provided to the customer, along with costing for those services.
Construction variations and change orders are the fallbacks which companies and projects rely on to make changes or variations from the original scope of work in the form of an addition, substitution or complete omission. A variation order is a change, often in construction, that modifies all or part of an existing order. It is common in all types of construction projects and plays an important role in determining the closing cost and time of the projects. A variation sometimes referred to as a variation instruction, variation order vo or change order, is an alteration to the scope of works in a construction contract in the form of an addition, substitution or omission from the original scope of works. Contractual clauses relating to changes allows parties involved in the contract to freely initiate variation orders within the ambit of the scope of. The significant changes in the initial project plan and contract conditions lead. Management of change within construction contracts mark castell trett consulting march 2006 july 2007 in a series of three articles, mark astell considers what change is, how it affects the construction and engineering industries and discusses some general contractual issues concerning the management of change. Variation in construction variation order direct variation language variation leningrad variation variation algebra measures of variation psychology. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the potential effects of variation orders in construction projects in malaysia, which will be helpful for professionals in the construction industry to assess and take proactive measures to mitigate the adverse impacts of variation. It has been categorized into consultant related, owner related, contractor related variation order and the other changes that can be referred to as force majeure. The request form should be prepared in ms excel version 5 and can.
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